There is a very interesting notice in today's Federal Register discussing when and how load a train's warning whistle has to be. The notice is way too long to summarize, but it deals in part with Florida regulations that prohibited trains from sounding their whistles at night:
"Effective July 1, 1984, Florida authorized local governments to ban
the nighttime use of whistles by intrastate trains approaching highway-
rail grade crossings equipped with flashing lights, bells, crossing
gates, and highway signs that warned motorists that train whistles
would not be sounded at night.
[...]
"In August 1990, FRA issued a study of the effect of the Florida
train whistle ban up to the end of 1989...FRA found there were almost
three times more collisions after the whistle bans were established, a
195 percent increase. If collisions continued to occur at the same rate
as before the bans began taking effect, it was estimated that 49 post-
ban collisions would have been expected. However, 115 post-ban
collisions occurred, leaving 66 crossing collisions statistically
unexplained. Nineteen people died and 59 people were injured in the 115
crossing collisions. Proportionally, 11 of the fatalities and 34 of the
injuries could be attributed to the 66 unexplained collisions.
There is also some language about the physics of a train collision:
"Compared to a collision between two highway vehicles, a collision
with a train is forty times more likely to result in a fatality. The
average freight locomotive weighs between 140 and 200 tons, compared to
the average car weight of one to two tons. Many freight trains weigh in
excess of ten thousand tons. Any highway vehicle, even a large truck,
would be crushed when struck by a moving train. The laws of physics
compound the likelihood that a motor vehicle will be crushed in a
collision with a moving train. The train's weight, when combined with
the likelihood that the train will not be able to stop to avoid a
collision, results in the potential for severe injury or death in
virtually every collision (it takes a one-hundred car train traveling
30 miles per hour approximately half a mile to stop--at 50 miles an
hour that train's stopping distance increases to one and a third
miles).