"The company encouraged doctors to use Neurontin in patients with bipolar disorder, a psychological condition, even though a study had shown that the medicine was no better than a placebo in treating the disorder. Other disorders for which the company illegally promoted Neurontin included Lou Gehrig's disease, attention deficit disorder, restless leg syndrome and drug and alcohol withdrawal seizures.

[...]

"Companies continue to underwrite physician education seminars where unapproved uses of their drugs are discussed. They continue to hire advertising agencies to conduct clinical trials and ghostwriters to write up the studies for experts listed as authors. And they often hire physicians as consultants, arrangements that call into question a physician's independence in deciding what drugs to prescribe for patients.

"Other companies that have been fined for drug marketing abuses include TAP Pharmaceuticals, which in 2001 paid $875 million - the largest such fine so far. Last year, Bayer paid $257 million. Schering-Plough is currently under investigation for its sales practices.

[...]

These marketing practices...were extremely effective, according to internal company documents. Doctors who attended dinners given by the company to discuss unapproved uses of Neurontin wrote 70 percent more prescriptions for the drug than those who did not attend, one memorandum showed.

[...]

Part of the government's rationale for bringing the case was that Warner-Lambert's marketing schemes led physicians to prescribe to Medicaid patients who should not have received the drug, costing federal and state governments millions of dollars. Of the $430 million fine, $106 million will go to the 50 states, which share with the federal government the costs of the Medicaid program.